Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40979229›Full record

ArticleHealth affairs scholar2025

Understanding burnout in physician assistants/associates through the lens of Conservation of Resources theory.

Andrzej Kozikowski, Mirela Bruza-Augatis, Sarah Maddux, Kasey Puckett, Dawn Morton-Rias, Joshua Goodman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health affairs scholar, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrzej KozikowskiNational Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, Johns Creek, GA 30097, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-4364
Mirela Bruza-AugatisNational Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, Johns Creek, GA 30097, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-9426
Sarah MadduxDepartment of Physician Assistant Studies, Idaho State University, Caldwell, ID 83605, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9888-4648
Kasey PuckettNational Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, Johns Creek, GA 30097, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-5008
Dawn Morton-RiasNational Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, Johns Creek, GA 30097, United States.
Joshua GoodmanNational Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, Johns Creek, GA 30097, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7872-6580

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Burnout among clinicians can jeopardize their well-being, productivity, and quality of patient care. However, research on burnout of physician assistants/associates (PAs) is limited. This study investigates factors associated with burnout among PAs. Methods: Using the Conservation of Resources theory as a framework and robust national data ( Results: A third (34.2%) reported experiencing at least one symptom of burnout; however, differences by specialty were observed, with emergency medicine PAs having the highest prevalence (42.2%) while dermatology PAs had the lowest (26.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the strongest factor associated with a 19.9 percentage point higher probability of burnout was a perceived decline in the quality of working conditions in the past year. PAs in emergency medicine were more likely than PAs in other specialties to report worsening conditions. Other factors associated with increased burnout included workload, understaffing, and educational debt. Conclusion: The declining quality of working conditions among PAs was the strongest factor associated with increased burnout, while satisfaction with work-life balance was protective. Strategies and policies focusing on maintaining quality working environments to reduce burnout risk should be prioritized.

Indexed as

burnoutConservation of Resources theoryhealthcare workforcephysician assistantsphysician associates

Identifiers

PMID40979229
PMCPMC12449050

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.