ArticleHealth psychology and behavioral medicine2025
A dynamic Bayesian network approach to modeling engagement and walking behavior: insights from a yearlong micro-randomized trial (
Article in Health psychology and behavioral medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionMobile health (mHealth) technologies such as wearable activity trackers (e.g. Fitbit) and digital applications (apps), can support behavior change in real-world contexts. Since effectiveness is dependent, in part, on participants' engagement with the digital technology (e.g. app page views) and the intervention components (e.g. anti-sedentary messages), there is a need for modeling approaches that support the investigation of engagement in digital interventions and the refinement of dynamic theories of behavior change.
methodsDynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN) were used to model the idiographic (individual) dynamic relationships between a participant's daily app engagement (page views), walking behavior, and intervention messages, accounting for context (e.g. temperature), and psychological variables (e.g. perceived restedness and perceived busyness). Additionally, we explored differences in the resulting DBN models between participants of Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino White backgrounds.
resultsData from 10 participants in the HeartSteps II study (n = 5 Hispanic/Latinos and n = 5 non-Hispanic/Latino Whites) was used. Across participants (100%, n = 10), there was a strong positive effect of the number of messages/prompts received on their daily app page views with a predicted increase range of 12.84 (12.19-13.57) to 25.84 (24.28-27.59) app page views per day per message received. Among the majority of Hispanic/Latino participants (n = 4/5, 80%), there was a strong positive relationship between daily app page views and walking behavior with predictions ranging from a mean of 6.70 (6.37-7.05) to 10.93 (10.14-11.78) steps per minute of Fitbit wear time per app page view. Both groups showed idiographic differences in the effects of temperature and perceived busyness on walking behavior.
conclusionThe results demonstrate the benefits of DBNs to model the daily-level idiographic behavioral dynamics of engagement in digital intervention studies. This approach can be leveraged to support the refinement of dynamic theories of behavior change and improving personalized mHealth intervention strategies.
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