ArticleCureus2025
Patterns of Psychiatric Referrals in a Consultation-Liaison Setting at a Rural Tertiary Care Center in Central India.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionConsultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) addresses psychiatric symptoms in patients referred from non-psychiatric departments. This study examined the socio-demographic, clinical, and referral profiles of such patients in a rural tertiary care medical institution in central India. MATERIALS AND
methodsAll patients referred to the psychiatry department over a two-month period were included. Data on demographics, referral patterns, and diagnoses were collected using a structured proforma and analyzed descriptively with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsOf the 200 patients included in the study, 151 patients (75.5%, 95% CI: 69.1-80.9) were referred from inpatient settings. The general medicine department contributed the majority of referrals, accounting for 162 cases (81.0%, 95% CI: 75.0-85.8). The most frequent medical diagnosis among referred patients was poisoning, reported in 78 cases (39.0%, 95% CI: 32.5-45.9), followed by alcoholic liver disease in 15 cases (7.5%, 95% CI: 4.6-12.0). The most common reasons for psychiatric referral were self-harm behavior in 80 patients (40.0%, 95% CI: 33.4-46.9), multiple unexplained physical symptoms in 25 patients (12.5%, 95% CI: 8.6-17.8), and alcohol withdrawal and de-addiction in 23 patients (11.5%, 95% CI: 7.7-16.7). The leading psychiatric diagnoses included major depressive disorder in 28 patients (14.0%, 95% CI: 9.9-19.5), adjustment disorder in 25 patients (12.5%, 95% CI: 8.6-17.8), acute stress reaction in 25 patients (12.5%, 95% CI: 8.6-17.8), delirium in 20 patients (10.0%, 95% CI: 6.5-14.9), and somatoform disorder in 11 patients (5.5%, 95% CI: 3.1-9.6). Regarding management, 87 patients (43.5%, 95% CI: 36.8-50.4) received pharmacological treatment alone, while 83 patients (41.5%, 95% CI: 34.9-48.4) were treated with both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Follow-up adherence was noted in 75 patients (37.5%, 95% CI: 31.0-44.4).
conclusionDespite significant psychiatric morbidity, referral rates remain low. Strengthening CLP services and improving psychiatric training among non-psychiatric clinicians are essential, especially in rural and resource-constrained settings.
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