Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40978496›Full record

ReviewJournal of translational autoimmunity2025

Redefining multiple sclerosis therapy through microbial immunomodulation and epigenetic control.

Shan Xu, Christina James Thomas, Sunilgowda Sunnagatta Nagaraja, Rakesh Kumar, Kamlesh Sawant, Duminduni Hewa Angappulige, Andy Fang Song, Krish Suman, Benjamin Borja, Paul de Figueiredo and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of translational autoimmunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Shan XuDepartment of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Christina James ThomasDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
Sunilgowda Sunnagatta NagarajaDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
Rakesh KumarDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
Kamlesh SawantDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
Duminduni Hewa AngappuligeDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
Andy Fang SongDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
Krish SumanDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
Benjamin BorjaDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
Paul de FigueiredoDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
Jianxun SongDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MREB II, Room 3344, 8447 John Sharp Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by immune-driven demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. This Review explores the immunological, molecular, and epigenetic underpinnings of MS, emphasizing T and B cell involvement, dysregulated signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-β, Akt, Wnt), and the role of cell death in disease progression. Epigenetic mechanisms-such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, further modulate immune responses. While current therapies broadly suppress immunity, emerging approaches, including engineered bacteria, microbiome-based interventions, and cell therapies, offer targeted immune modulation and neuroprotection. Together, these strategies illuminate a path toward next-generation MS treatments with improved precision and efficacy.

Indexed as

EpigeneticsImmunologyMicrobiomeMultiple sclerosisNeuroinflammationT cell regulation

Identifiers

PMID40978496
PMCPMC12446548

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.