ArticleACS omega2025
Reagentless and Label-Free Electrochemical Aptasensor Using Polyaniline Incorporated with a Battery-Free NFC Potentiostat for One-Step Detection of Cortisol.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensing: From Materials and Metrology to Intelligent and Sustainable Biointerfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cortisol serves as a vital biomarker for stress levels, but current evaluation methods are complex and resource-intensive. Traditional detection approaches require elaborate procedures and sophisticated equipment, limiting their accessibility and practical application. There is a pressing need for user-friendly, cost-effective, and portable technologies that can efficiently monitor cortisol levels in real-world settings. We developed a reagentless and label-free electrochemical aptasensor for one-step detection of salivary cortisol utilizing polyaniline (PANI) as an active conductive polymer and integrating it with a battery-free near-field communication (NFC) potentiostat. The PANI-modified screen-printed electrode exhibited excellent conductivity and surface-enhancing properties, facilitating efficient aptamer immobilization and enabling reagentless electrochemical detection of cortisol without the need for additional redox reagents. The battery-free NFC integration enables seamless data transfer to mobile devices, providing real-time analysis capabilities. The proposed sensor achieved a low detection limit of 27 pM within 33 min of analysis time and exhibited high selectivity for cortisol, which makes it suitable for patients with Addison's disease. Also, the matrices in artificial saliva were not affected by cortisol detection. A performance comparison between commercial EmStat4s and our NFC-based potentiostat in artificial saliva validated the accuracy of the system. This innovative platform represents a significant advancement in point-of-care diagnostics by combining advanced conductive materials with modern electronics. The system's portability, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendly design make it particularly valuable for noninvasive stress monitoring through salivary analysis, opening new possibilities for accessible bioanalysis and personalized health monitoring.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.