Potential vulnerability of US green hydrogen in a world of interdependent networks.

Shokoufeh Pourshahabi, Shade T Shutters, Rachata Muneepeerakul, Suleyman O Altiparmak

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Shokoufeh PourshahabiDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Shade T ShuttersSchool of Complex Adaptive Systems, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA.

Rachata MuneepeerakulDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Suleyman O AltiparmakJames Madison College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48825, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Green hydrogen is viewed as a promising pathway to future decarbonized energy systems. However, hydrogen production depends on a few critical minerals, particularly platinum and iridium. Here, we examine how the supply of these minerals is subject to vulnerabilities hidden in interdependent global networks of trade and investment. We develop an index to quantify these vulnerabilities for a combination of a target country, an investing country, an intermediary country and a commodity. Focusing on the US as the target country for the import of platinum and iridium, we show how vulnerability-inducing investing countries changed between 2010 and 2019. We find that the UK is consistently among investing countries that can potentially induce US vulnerabilities via intermediary exporters of platinum and iridium, with South Africa being the primary intermediary country. Future research includes incorporating geopolitical factors and technological innovations to move the index closer from potential to real-world vulnerabilities.

Indexed as

BiophysicsCell biologyMolecular biologyMoleculesPharmacology

Identifiers

PMID40978133

DOI10.1016/j.isci.2025.113284

PMCPMC12446187

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.