ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2025
Spravato for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Efficacy and Sexual Side Effect Profile.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- SirT2 Inhibition is Associated with Improvements in Depression-like Behavior and Memory Impairment in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Intranasal administration in modulating depressive-like behavior and reconstructing treatment paradigms through neuroinflammation and neurotrophic pathways.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Automated ROI detection allows rapid quantification of synaptic activity across tens of thousands of synapses in cell culture.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) are debilitating psychiatric conditions associated with significant psychosocial and economic burdens. Conventional antidepressants, particularly SSRIs and SNRIs, often produce inadequate responses and cause sexual dysfunction, contributing to poor adherence and diminished quality of life. Aim: This review aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and sexual side effect profile of intranasal esketamine (Spravato) in the treatment of MDD and TRD, highlighting its potential advantages over traditional antidepressants. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published between 2000 and 2025 were included. Keywords used included "Spravato", "esketamine", "treatment-resistant depression", and "sexual dysfunction.". Results: Clinical trials such as TRANSFORM-2, SUSTAIN-1, and ASPIRE I/II demonstrate that esketamine provides rapid antidepressant effects-often within hours-and improves remission and response rates in TRD. Its NMDA receptor antagonism promotes synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity, distinguishing it mechanistically from monoaminergic antidepressants. Compared to SSRIs/SNRIs, Spravato exhibits a significantly lower incidence of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction (TESD), with less than 1% of patients reporting such side effects. However, the drug's use is constrained by dissociative symptoms, blood pressure changes, and its mandatory in-clinic administration due to REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) requirements. Conclusion: Spravato (esketamine) is an innovative and effective treatment option for TRD and severe MDD, offering rapid symptom relief and a favorable sexual side effect profile. Despite logistical and financial limitations, it represents a critical advancement in personalized psychiatry, especially for patients unresponsive to conventional therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.