ReviewVeterinary and animal science2025
Global distribution and host range of enzootic bovine leukosis in ruminants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Veterinary and animal science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Viral Genomic Footprints in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tissue-Based Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus and Bovine Leukemia Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Endemic Persistence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in aHigh-Producing Brazilian Dairy Herd: Seroprevalence Across Production Strata, Vertical Transmission, and Mortality Risk.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- The Complexity of Bovine Leukemia Virus Oncogenesis.Viruses · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) causes severe economic losses and is a contagious disease caused by the Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), belonging to the delta retrovirus of the Retroviridae family. Thus, this review aimed to estimate the global pooled prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis and investigate its host range, focusing on cattle and sheep. We used seven databases which include PubMed, Science Direct, HINARI, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and AJOL. The included studies (50 articles), conducted between 1992 and 2024, represent diverse geographic regions: Asia, North America, Africa, South America, and Europe. 346,917 animals were involved, of which 99,620 involved positive for BLV. The meta-analysis estimated a pooled BLV prevalence of 19% (95% CI: 16%-23%) using random effect model, though significant heterogeneity existed across studies (I² = 99.6%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of EBL was in North America (43%), followed by Asia (17%), Africa (14%), South America (10%), and the lowest in Europe (4%). Analysis by publication year revealed that the prevalence of EBL was 32% after 2016, whereas it was 29% before 2016. Among animal species, beef cattle exhibited the highest prevalence (26%), followed by overall cattle (20%), sheep (19%), and dairy cattle (18%). Geographical and temporal trends revealed varying prevalence rates, with notable high rates in North America and lower rates in regions such as Europe. It is crucial that North America adopt stricter prevention programs, similar to those in Europe, to reduce transmission of EBL and its economic and health impacts on livestock.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.