ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Systems immunology: When systems biology meets immunology.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The new vision from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Digital immune twins and ai-integrated multi-omic biomarkers: Redefining personalized immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Systems biology approach unveils the cellular and molecular mechanisms of formalin-inactivated whole cell vaccine-induced protective immunity againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Editorial: Systems Immunology and Translational Research in Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From empirical vaccinology to predictive systems-based vaccine design: multi-omics integration, artificial intelligence, and global equity challenges.Frontiers in systems biology · 2026Review
- Conceptual quantitative systems pharmacology framework for supporting clinical trial design in organ-specific autoimmune and rare diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system is an intricate network of cells, proteins, and signaling pathways that coordinate protective responses and, when dysregulated, drive immune-related diseases. Understanding this complexity increasingly relies on systems-based mathematical and computational approaches, which integrate multi-omics data, mechanistic models, and artificial intelligence to reveal the emergent behavior of immune networks. In this mini-review, we discuss the central methodological pillars of systems immunology, including Network Pharmacology, artificial intelligence, and quantitative systems pharmacology. We highlight illustrative applications spanning autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases, and describe how these methods are used to identify biomarkers, optimize therapies, and guide drug discovery. Finally, we examine current challenges and future directions, including data quality, model validation, and regulatory considerations, which must be addressed to translate systems immunology into clinical impact. This integrated perspective aims to guide both method developers and translational researchers, emphasizing the growing role of computational modeling in next-generation immunology and therapeutic innovation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.