Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40975854›Full record

ReviewInternal and emergency medicine2025

GLP-1 and GIP agonists in diabetes and obesity and the rise of dyspepsia.

Maria Masulli, Jan Tack, Giuseppe Esposito, Giovanni Sarnelli

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Internal and emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Maria MasulliDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
Jan TackTranslational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Giuseppe EspositoDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Giovanni SarnelliDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy. sarnelli@unina.it.ORCID 0000-0002-1467-1134

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonists, such as tirzepatide, have transformed the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity through durable glycemic control, weight reduction, and cardiovascular protection. However, their widespread use has revealed a high incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events, particularly dyspepsia and gastroparesis-like symptoms. While most effects are transient, a significant subset of patients develop persistent intolerance, often leading to misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigations, or premature treatment discontinuation. Current therapeutic options remain limited, with guidelines offering little direction for managing symptoms, in this subset of dyspeptic patients. This growing clinical challenge highlights the urgent need for structured strategies, including risk stratification, tailored dose titration, and multidisciplinary care, to balance metabolic efficacy with gastrointestinal tolerability.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2DyspepsiaGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1ObesityGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansHypoglycemic AgentsTirzepatideGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsTirzepatideFunctional dyspepsiaGastric emptyingGastrointestinal symptomsGastroparesisGIPGLP-1 receptor agonistsObesityTirzepatideType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40975854

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.