Trial reportPreventive medicine2025
Cardiopulmonary effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes with and without access to e-cigarettes in vulnerable populations.
Trial report in Preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveReducing nicotine levels in cigarettes decreases smoking, which is enhanced by access to preferred-flavor e-cigarettes. Smoking increases risk of cardiopulmonary disease, but effects of very-low-nicotine-content cigarettes (VLNCs) in combination with e-cigarettes are unknown. Health effects of nicotine-reduction approaches must be examined.
methodsData were from three randomized controlled trials conducted at the University of Vermont, Brown University, and Johns Hopkins University (October 2020-November 2023). Effects, within vulnerable populations, of 16 weeks of normal nicotine content cigarettes (NNC), VLNCs only, VLNCs plus e-cigarettes in only tobacco flavor (VLNC+TF), or VLNCs in combination with the option to select from eight commonly preferred flavors (VLNC+PF) were tested. Cardiopulmonary measures included vital signs and subjective respiratory symptoms. Effect of experimental condition on outcomes were examined using multivariable linear mixed models controlling for baseline values, age, sex, study week, and vulnerable population (lower-educated women [n = 80], those with opioid use disorder [n = 74], or affective disorders [n = 172]).
resultsMost (243/326, 74.5 %) participants were high-risk for cardiopulmonary disease (i.e., hypertension). There were no significant effects of experimental condition on objective cardiac or pulmonary measures. Within respiratory symptoms there were significant effects of condition on subjective ratings of cough severity especially among patients with preexisting disease (F(3,48) = 4.02, p = 0.01, partial η
conclusionsCombining VLNCs with e-cigarettes in preferred flavors appears to have no adverse effects on objective cardiopulmonary measures but may increase subjective ratings of cough severity in higher-risk pulmonary subpopulations.
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Registered trials
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