Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40975614›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2025

Oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents: clinical progress and remaining challenges.

Elizabeth Appleton, E Antonio Chiocca, Guy Ungerechts, Alan Melcher, Richard Vile

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Reversal of repeated red cards reprieves RP-1.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Elizabeth AppletonDivision of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
E Antonio ChioccaHarvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Guy UngerechtsClinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Alan MelcherDivision of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
Richard VileDepartment of Molecular Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: vile.richard@mayo.edu.

Funding

Project 4: ImmunovirotherapyP50CA210964 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Zongming Eric Chen · 2018 to 2026
$20.5M
Characterizing the role of CSDE1 as a critical co-factor for VSV replication.R01AI170535 · NIAID · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Richard G. Vile · 2023 to 2026
$1.6M
Re-purposing Oncolytic Virotherapy to Re-invigorate CAR T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors.R01CA269384 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Richard G. Vile · 2023 to 2026
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA210964NCI NIH HHS R01 CA269384NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI170535
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of cancer, yet many patients do not have response or lasting benefit. Strategies to overcome resistance remain of crucial importance. Oncolytic viruses offer a promising approach, with the unique ability to selectively replicate within (and to destroy) cancer cells, remodel the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, and stimulate antitumour immunity. Interest in the potential of oncolytic viruses has grown steadily over the past two decades, fuelled by advances in cancer immunology and viral engineering. However, clinical translation has not kept pace, and although a plethora of promising new constructs have entered clinical testing, several barriers continue to restrict widespread clinical implementation. This Therapeutics paper highlights key milestones in oncolytic virus clinical development, discusses the challenges that remain, and, through clinical reflection, considers how future research might be streamlined to achieve meaningful benefit for patients.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsOncolytic VirotherapyOncolytic VirusesHumansImmunotherapyTumor Microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID40975614
PMCPMC13625015

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.