Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40974914›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2026

The relationship between nicotine craving and state anxiety in daily and non-daily nicotine users.

Arwynn A McKinty, Laura E Hatz, Weichen Liu, Gianna Andrade, Neal Doran, Kelly E Courtney

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Arwynn A McKintyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Laura E HatzDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Weichen LiuDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Gianna AndradeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Neal DoranDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kelly E CourtneyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: kecourtney@health.ucsd.edu.

Funding

Alcohol Research in the Science/Practitioner ModelT32AA013525 · NIAAA · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI EDWARD P RILEY, ANDREA SPADONI TOWNSEND · 2002 to 2026
$8.4M
Advancing VR-based attentional bias as a biomarker for tobacco use disorderR01DA058665 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Kelly Elizabeth Courtney · 2024 to 2026
$1.7M
NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA013525NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA058665
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anxiety as a broad construct has been linked to nicotine craving, frequency of use, and relapse rates. However, there is limited research on the relationship between state anxiety and nicotine craving. This study explored the association between state anxiety and pre-cue versus post-cue craving among adults who use nicotine and tobacco products (NTPs) at different frequencies. Participants with either non-daily (n = 34) or daily (n = 80) NTP use completed a laboratory assessment including a virtual reality (VR) NTP cue-exposure paradigm and self-report assessments of state anxiety and nicotine craving. NTP use group membership was a significant predictor of pre-cue and post-cue craving, with daily NTP users exhibiting greater pre-cue (p = 0.001) and post-cue (p < 0.001) craving than non-daily users. State anxiety was positively associated with pre-cue craving (p = 0.03) but not post-cue craving. Notably, non-daily users showed a significant negative relationship between state anxiety and post-cue craving (p = 0.01). The results of this study suggest that NTP use (especially daily use), and state anxiety are more strongly associated with pre-cue craving, as opposed to post-cue-induced craving. This study provides insight into how the relationship between state anxiety and nicotine craving varies pre and post cue-exposure, which may inform treatment and intervention efforts targeting transient affective states to prevent or reduce nicotine craving.

Indexed as

AnxietyCravingNicotineTobacco Use DisorderVapingAdultCuesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultNicotineAnxietyCravingCue-exposureNicotine

Identifiers

PMID40974914
PMCPMC12667444

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.