Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40974551›Full record

ReviewCancer communications (London, England)2025

Advances in radiopharmaceuticals for cancer radiotheranostics: CCK2R targeting as a paradigm for translational innovation.

Jing Li, Xuejun Wen, Rebeka Rita Reszegi, Hemavarshini Kamalrhaj, Wolfgang J Parak, Xiaoyuan Chen, Jingjing Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer communications (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Advances in GPCR-Targeted PET Radiotracer Patents (2020-2025).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jing LiDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Xuejun WenDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Rebeka Rita ReszegiInstitute for Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Hemavarshini KamalrhajDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Wolfgang J ParakInstitute for Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Xiaoyuan ChenDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-0870
Jingjing ZhangDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Funding

National Medical Research Council CG21APR1005National Medical Research Council MOH-001254-01National Medical Research Council MOH-001334-00National Medical Research Council MOH-001388-00National Medical Research Council MOH-001483-00National University of Singapore NUHSRO/2020/133/Startup/08National University of Singapore NUHSRO/2021/097/Startup/13National University of Singapore NUHSRO/2023/008/NUS Med/TCE/LOANUS School of Medicine Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme NUHSRO/2021/034/TRP/09/NanomedicineSingapore Ministry of Education (FY2022)-Tier1-NUHSRO/2022/093/T1/Seed-Sep/06
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Radiopharmaceuticals are reshaping the landscape of cancer therapy, offering a unique theranostic advantage that is becoming increasingly central to precision medicine. By labeling the same molecular scaffold with different radionuclides, these agents enable seamless integration of diagnostic imaging and targeted therapy. Clinical breakthroughs with somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2)- and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have significantly enhanced both tumor visualization and therapeutic efficacy, establishing new benchmarks in oncology. Ongoing research is exploring novel molecular targets such as cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R), fibroblast activation protein (FAP), and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). In parallel, there is growing interest in utilizing alternative radionuclides, including alpha-particle emitters and Auger electron emitters, beyond the commonly used beta-emitters, to improve therapeutic outcomes. Simultaneously, advances in ligand and linker design are being leveraged to optimize in vivo pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution. Among the emerging targets, CCK2R has attracted notable attention due to its overexpression in multiple malignancies. Research efforts have focused on improving ligand stability, receptor-binding affinity, and tumor retention, while also exploring strategies to enhance CCK2R expression on cancer cells. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current landscape in cancer radiotheranostics, exploring the role of CCK2R in cancer biology and summarizing the latest advancements in the development of CCK2R-targeted radiopharmaceuticals. Using these advancements as a case study, we systematically examine key aspects of next-generation radiopharmaceutical design, from target selection and ligand engineering to pharmacokinetic optimization and clinical translation, providing a multidimensional framework for future innovation in cancer radiotheranostics.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsRadiopharmaceuticalsReceptor, Cholecystokinin BAnimalsHumansMolecular Targeted TherapyTheranostic NanomedicineTranslational Research, BiomedicalRadiopharmaceuticalsReceptor, Cholecystokinin Bcancer theranosticsCCK2Rmolecular targetsradiopharmaceuticalsradiotheranostics

Identifiers

PMID40974551
PMCPMC12629865

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.