Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40974504›Full record

ArticleEndocrine2025

HDL cholesterol as an associate of prevalent coronary artery disease in heterozygous Familial hypercholesterolemia beyond LDL cholesterol.

Christos V Rizos, Genovefa Kolovou, Vana Kolovou, George Liamis, Ioannis Skoumas, Loukianos Rallidis, Anastasia Garoufi, George Sfikas, Athanasios Penopoulos, Emmanouil Skalidis and 25 more

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Article in Endocrine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Christos V Rizos *Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Genovefa Kolovou *Cardiometabolic Center, LA apheresis Unit, Lipid Clinic, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Vana KolovouCardiometabolic Center, LA apheresis Unit, Lipid Clinic, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece.
George LiamisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Ioannis Skoumas1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Lipids' Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Loukianos RallidisDepartment of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Anastasia GaroufiSecond Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Children's Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou", Athens, Greece.
George SfikasDepartment of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Athanasios Penopoulos1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Emmanouil SkalidisCardiology Clinic, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
Kimon StamatelopoulosDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Vasileios Kotsis3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Michalis Doumas2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Vaia Lambadiari2nd Propaedeutic Internal Medicine Department and Diabetes Research Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Panagiotis Anagnostis3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Evgenia Mavrokefalou4th Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Amalia Boufidou1st Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Vasiliki GiannakopoulouCardiology Clinic, "Tzaneio" General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
Georgia AnastasiouDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Ermioni PetkouDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Charalambos Vlachopoulos1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Lipids' Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Ioanna Dima1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Lipids' Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Fakas GeorgiosDepartment of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Konstantinos A PapathanasiouDepartment of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Achilleas AttilakosDepartment of Pediatrics, Medical School, C' Pediatrics Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Charalambos KoumarasDepartment of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dimitrios Agapakis1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Evangelos ZacharisCardiology Clinic, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
Chrysoula MoustouDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Christina Antza3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Chrysoula Boutari2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Aikaterini Kountouri2nd Propaedeutic Internal Medicine Department and Diabetes Research Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Eleni Mpellou3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Elisavet ProdromiadouDepartment of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Evangelos Liberopoulos1st Propaedeutic Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece. elibero@med.uoa.gr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeLow high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have been associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the general population. We examined the association between HDL-C levels and CAD prevalence in adult patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) in the HELLAS-FH registry.

methodsAdult patients with HeFH were categorized into quartiles based on baseline (i.e., before any treatment) HDL-C levels. Patient demographics, lipid profile, CAD risk factors and CAD prevalence were analyzed.

resultsPatients (n = 1867; 960 males; mean age 51 ± 14 years) were divided into quartiles based on baseline HDL-C levels: Q1 (35 ± 5 mg/dL), Q2 (45 ± 2 mg/dL), Q3 (54 ± 3 mg/dL) and Q4 (70 ± 10 mg/dL). Lower HDL-C quartiles were associated with increased prevalence of CAD risk factors i.e. hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), smoking and body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared with higher ones. The lowest HDL-C quartile was associated with the highest prevalence of established total (47.6%) and premature CAD (39.7%) among HeFH patients (p < 0.01 compared with all other quartiles). Multivariate logistic regression indicated 5% lower odds of prevalent CAD for each 1 mg/dL higher HDL-C after adjusting for major ASCVD risk factors, including triglycerides. This association of HDL-C was linear and persisted across patient subgroups based on sex, age, hypertension, smoking and T2D as well as across low-density lipoprotein cholesterol quartiles.

conclusionAn independent inverse linear association was observed between HDL-C concentrations and CAD prevalence in patients with HeFH. These findings emphasize the importance of considering HDL-C levels in CAD risk stratification of patients with HeFH.

Indexed as

Cholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLCoronary Artery DiseaseHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIAdultAgedFemaleHeterozygoteHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRegistriesRisk FactorsCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCoronary artery diseaseFamilial hypercholesterolemiaHDL cholesterolHELLAS-FH

Identifiers

PMID40974504

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.