ReviewFrontiers of medicine2025
Lactate and lactylation in tumor immunity.
Review in Frontiers of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lactate as a Potential Exercise-Induced Signaling Molecule: Implications for Immunometabolic Adaptation Following HIIT.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial metabolism and PD-1 blockade: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Xylitol, Mitochondrial Plasticity, the Warburg Effect, and Oral Pathobiont-Associated Immune Evasion in Cancer Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Metabolic Signaling Meets Epigenetic Regulation: How Protein Lactylation Remodels the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- PARP inhibitors restore NK cell function via secretory crosstalk with tumor cells in prostate cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming networks in the gastric cancer tumor microenvironment: an integrated axis of nutrient competition, metabolic crosstalk, and immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Warburg effect, originally discovered by Otto Warburg, refers to the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells from aerobic oxidation to glycolysis, enabling rapid energy production to support their growth and metastasis. This process is accompanied by the massive production and accumulation of lactate both intracellularly and extracellularly. The resulting acidic microenvironment impairs the normal physiological functions of immune cells and promotes tumor progression. An increasing number of studies indicate that lactate, a key metabolite in the tumor microenvironment (TME), acts as a pivotal immunosuppressive signaling molecule that modulates immune cell function. This review aims to comprehensively examine lactate's role as an immunosuppressive molecule in TME. It focuses on mechanisms such as membrane receptor binding, functional reshaping of immune cells via lactate shuttle transport, epigenetic regulation of gene expression through histone lactylation, and modulation of protein structure and function through nonhistone lactylation, emphasizing lactate's importance in immune regulation within the TME. Ultimately, this review offers novel insights into immunosuppressive therapies aimed at targeting lactate function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40974491What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.