ArticleExperimental brain research2025
Soleus H-reflex size versus stimulation rate in the presence of background muscle activity: a methodological study.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Hoffmann Reflex.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- A portable closed-loop platform enabling cortical evoked potential operant conditioning: system development and validation of target intensity estimation.Biomedical physics & engineering express · 2026Article
- Bidirectional modulation of soleus spinal excitability induced by upper limb movement practice.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- A portable cortical evoked potential operant conditioning system (C-EPOCS): System development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transspinal stimulation preceding assisted step training reorganizes neuronal excitability and function of inhibitory networks in spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
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Abstract
Hoffmann reflex (HR) operant conditioning (HROC) is an important intervention for neurorehabilitation. Current HROC paradigms elicit HRs at low rates (~ 0.2 Hz), minimizing rate-dependent depression (RDD). We investigated the impact of higher stimulation rates on HR size. Fifteen healthy participants maintained low background soleus electromyographic activity (EMG) while standing. Soleus HR and M-wave recruitment curves were obtained at rates of 0.2, 1, and 2 Hz twice, from which Mmax and Hmax were calculated. Seventy-five HRs were collected for each rate at a target M-wave size (~ 10 to 20% of Mmax). HR depression was minimal at higher stimulation rates. The mean HR amplitude was reliable across the two repetitions and three rates, with high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values. HROC could be performed consistently at rates up to 2 Hz with minimal HR depression. Faster rates enable more conditioning trials per session, reducing session duration and/or number, thereby potentially accelerating conditioning and reducing participant burden.
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