Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40974066›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026

Investigating Azithromycin Activity Against ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Under Physiologically Relevant Conditions.

Sean Jung, Samira Dahesh, Elisabet Bjånes, Jonathan Monk, Natalie Chavarria, Sachiko Correa, Alexandria Hoffman, Hunter Gage, Victor Nizet, Monika Kumaraswamy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sean JungDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-0675-9407
Samira DaheshDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-4451-2034
Elisabet BjånesDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2747-7699
Jonathan MonkDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Natalie ChavarriaDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Sachiko CorreaSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Alexandria HoffmanDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Hunter GageDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Victor NizetDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3847-0422
Monika KumaraswamyDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Funding

UC San Diego Clinical and Translational Research InstituteKL2TR001444 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DEPP, COLIN A. · 2015 to 2024
$15.4M
Systems Biology Approach to Redefine Susceptibility Testing and Treatment of MDR Pathogens in the Context of Host ImmunityU01AI124316 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PALSSON, BERNHARD O · 2016 to 2020
$10.2M
RESEARCH IN INFECTIOUS DISEASEST32AI007036 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI NIZET, VICTOR · 1985 to 2025
$9.2M
Surprising Efficacy of Discounted Antibiotics vs. MDR Gram-Negative Pathogens Occurring Through Innate Immune SensitizationR01AI145310 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KUMARASWAMY, MONIKA, NIZET, VICTOR · 2020 to 2023
$1.9M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001444NCATS NIH HHS KL2-TR001444NIAID NIH HHS 5T32AI007036-43NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI145310NIAID NIH HHS R01AI145310NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007036NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI124316NIAID NIH HHS U01-AI124316
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are a major antimicrobial resistance threat. Although not standard therapy, azithromycin (AZM) displayed potent activity against ESBL E. coli in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. AZM demonstrated multi-fold reductions in MIC, bactericidal activity in supplemented mammalian tissue culture media, and enhanced dose-dependent activity with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). AZM also augmented complement-mediated killing in human serum and improved survival by 50% in a murine bloodstream infection model. These findings underscore the need to revisit antibiotic susceptibility testing-incorporating host defense factors and NaHCO3-and suggest AZM merits further clinical evaluation for ESBL E. coli infections.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinbeta-LactamasesEscherichia coliAnimalsBacteremiaDisease Models, AnimalEscherichia coli InfectionsFemaleHumansMiceMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSodium BicarbonateAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinbeta-LactamasesSodium Bicarbonate

Identifiers

PMID40974066
PMCPMC12811848

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.