ArticleBMC oral health2025
Influence of filling technique on fracture resistance of giomer-restored MOD-cavities.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioactive Fillers in Bulk-Fill Composite Resins: A Comprehensive Review of the Effects on Polymerization Shrinkage Behavior and Mechanical Performance.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessment of fracture resistance in endodontically treated premolars restored using various bulk-fill composites.Bioinformation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThis study assessed the fracture resistance of upper premolars based on the placement technique of giomer restoration in MOD cavities. MATERIALS AND
methodsSeventy sound maxillary premolars were divided into five groups (n=14). A standardized MOD cavity was prepared in each tooth (2 mm buccolingual width, 2±0.2 mm central floor depth, and 4±0.2 mm proximal depth). Teeth were assigned to four experimental groups: Group I received Packable material (Beautifil II LS, Shofu Inc, Japan) applied in 2mm increments; Group II received Injectable material (Beautifil Flow Plus X, Shofu); Group III received a packable bulk-fill variant (Beautifil-Bulk Restorative Packable); and Group IV received flowable bulk-fill material (Beautifil-Bulk Flowable, Shofu), each followed by a 2mm occlusal capping layer. A fifth group of intact premolars served as the control. All specimens were embedded in self-cure acrylic resin blocks with simulated periodontal ligaments at temperatures ranging from 5 to 55°C, utilizing a thermocycling machine (SD Mechatronic Thermocycler, Germany). Fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine (Instron 3345 Series, UK) at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
resultsThe results indicated a significant difference in fracture resistance across groups (p<0.001). The control group exhibited the highest strength (935.12±114.52 N), followed by the Packable (926.79±229.36 N) and Injectable groups (923.29±110.28 N), with no significant differences. In contrast, the Bulk-Restorative and Bulk-Flowable groups had the lowest strengths (684.20±163.60 N and 616.08±132.54 N, respectively). Post hoc comparison showed significantly lower fracture resistance values in the bulk-restorative and bulk-flowable groups (p<0.001).
conclusionIncremental placement of packable or injectable giomers restored fracture resistance to levels comparable to sound teeth, while bulk-fill techniques yielded inferior outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Clinicians frequently opt for bulk-fill restorative materials due to their efficiency and user-friendliness compared to traditional incremental layering techniques. However, evidence regarding the fracture resistance of giomers placed via different techniques remains limited. Injectable giomers represent a viable alternative, offering superior handling and precise adaptation while maintaining favorable mechanical properties. This study provides critical insights into optimizing placement strategies to balance clinical efficiency and biomechanical performance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.