Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40973466›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of sports medicine2025

Prevention strategies and modifiable risk factors for concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the Female, woman and girl/or Athlete Injury pRevention (FAIR) consensus.

Isla J Shill, Heather A Shepherd, Paul H Eliason, Ash T Kolstad, Omar Heyward, Géraldine Martens, Kerry Peek, Clara A Soligon, Matthew G King, Stephen W West and 14 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Isla J ShillEdinburgh Sports Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0175-2354
Heather A ShepherdDepartment of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0665-8674
Paul H EliasonSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6985-7043
Ash T KolstadSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-9880
Omar HeywardCarnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7390-6511
Géraldine MartensNeuroRecovery Lab, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-7165
Kerry PeekFIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-3353
Clara A SoligonSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-1795-1120
Matthew G KingDiscipline of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-5924
Stephen W WestSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Osman Hassan AhmedThe Football Association, Burton-upon-Trent, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0076
Cheri A BlauwetDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Steven BroglioUniversity of Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-9325
Araba ChintohDept. of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-5810
Jean-Michel GalarneauSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3784-8753
K Alix HaydenLibraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0057-1327
Sharief HendricksCarnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-6266
Michael MakdissiAustralian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-7133
Debbie PalmerEdinburgh Sports Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4676-217X
Stacy SickSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Jackie L WhittakerDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-4976
Kay M CrossleyLa Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5892-129X
Kathryn J SchneiderSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-5899
Carolyn A EmerySport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada caemery@ucalgary.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-6691

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine prevention strategies and potential modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for sport-related concussion (SRC) and head impact/head acceleration event (HAE) outcomes in female, woman and/or girl athletes.

designSystematic review with meta-analyses and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. DATA SOURCES: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINfo, SportDiscus, ERIC, CENTRAL and CDSR. ELIGIBILITY: Primary data studies with comparison group(s) assessing the association of prevention interventions and/or MRFs for SRC or HAE with ≥1 female/woman/girl in each study group.

resultsOf the 108 included studies, 67 evaluated a SRC prevention strategy (equipment n=25, policy/rule n=21, training n=10, management n=11) and 41 evaluated potential MRFs (34 distinct MRFs across nine categories). In total, 40/108 (37%) studies (prevention 19/67; MRF 21/41) included female/woman/girl-specific estimates. Three meta-analyses were conducted: two SRC prevention strategies (headgear, eyewear) and one MRF (artificial turf vs grass) based on availability of female/woman/girl-only estimates and similar outcomes and exposure. Headgear was associated with 30% lower SRC rates in adolescent female/girl lacrosse and soccer (IRR=0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.99; very-low certainty). Eyewear use was not protective for SRC (IRR=1.08, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.68; very-low certainty). SRC rates did not differ by artificial turf versus grass (IRR=0.95, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.45; very-low certainty).

conclusionWe found limited evidence for prevention strategies and MRFs in female/woman/girl athletes except for very-low certainty evidence supporting headgear use in adolescent lacrosse and soccer. Future studies should consider the design, implementation and evaluation of SRC prevention strategies that target MRFs to guide safe practice recommendations specifically for female/woman/girl athletes.

Indexed as

Athletic InjuriesBrain ConcussionConsensus Statements as TopicFemaleHead Protective DevicesHumansRisk FactorsBrain ConcussionFemaleRisk factorWomen in sport

Identifiers

PMID40973466
PMCPMC12703316

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.