ArticleEuropean journal of public health2025
Geographical and socio-economic inequalities in years of life lost across Norwegian municipalities and city districts in 2019: an ecological registry-based study.
Article in European journal of public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Understanding local level impact of socio-economic and spatial disparities on health outcomes is crucial for informing effective public health interventions. This study examines the association between socio-economic factors, centrality, and premature mortality-measured as years of life lost (YLLs)-across Norwegian municipalities. We conducted an ecological, cross-sectional registry-based study across municipalities and districts, each with populations exceeding 1000 as of 1 January 2019. Data on mortality, demographics, education, income, and centrality were sourced from Statistics Norway. All-cause YLLs were calculated by multiplying age-specific mortality numbers by aspirational life expectancy from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 life tables. Municipalities were divided into quartiles based on a composite socio-economic position (SEP) score that integrated education and income, and grouped into centrality categories. Mixed-effects negative binomial regression models, crude and adjusted for age categories and sex, evaluated both relative and absolute associations. The lowest SEP quartile, assessed with a composite SEP score, had a 15% higher YLL rate compared to the highest quartile [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.24], amounting to an absolute difference of 2127 YLLs per 100 000 population. Similarly, the least central quartile exhibited a 15% higher YLL rate compared to the most central one (IRR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.09-1.21), translating to an absolute difference of 2057 YLLs per 100 000 population. There are substantial inequalities in premature mortality across Norwegian municipalities, strongly linked to municipal SEP and centrality.
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