Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40972708›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2026

Timing of Critical Congenital Heart Defect Detection: A Multisite Population-Based Study.

Shannon E Moss, Elizabeth C Ailes, Karrie F Downing, Michael P Fundora, Elijah H Bolin, Suzan L Carmichael, Jill Glidewell, Rebecca F Liberman, Matthew E Oster, Gary M Shaw and 2 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Shannon E MossDivision of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: sez7@cdc.gov.
Elizabeth C AilesDivision of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Karrie F DowningDivision of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Michael P FundoraDivision of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
Elijah H BolinDepartment of Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
Suzan L CarmichaelDivision of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Jill GlidewellDivision of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Rebecca F LibermanMassachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Matthew E OsterDivision of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
Gary M ShawDivision of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Sherry L FarrDivision of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS

Funding

EPA EP-D-18-001HSRD VA CDP 13-003Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate prevalence of and characteristics associated with prenatal and late critical congenital heart defect (CCHD) detection among infants. STUDY

designInfants with CCHD born during 2014-2021 with interviewed mothers were included from the Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS, a multisite, population-based case-control study. Timing of detection was based on date of earliest fetal or postnatal echocardiogram: prenatal, timely postnatal (0-3 days after birth), and late (>3 days after birth). Unadjusted log-linear models evaluated trends in timing of CCHD detection by birth year. Multivariable log-binomial models calculated adjusted prevalence ratios for prenatal and late CCHD detection by demographic and clinical characteristics.

resultsThere were 996 liveborn infants with CCHD included in this analysis. Prenatal detection increased from 2014 (25.0%) to 2021 (39.1%; P for trend = .01). The prevalence of late detection was 22.7% in 2014 and 16.4% in 2021; P = .06. Almost half (48.6%) of infants had timely postnatal detection. Prenatal detection was 1.2 times (95% CI 1.1-1.5) more likely among infants with extracardiac compared with isolated defects. Late CCHD detection was 2.0 times (95% CI 1.2-3.4) more common among infants whose mothers lacked prenatal insurance compared with those with prenatal insurance.

conclusionsDisparities in timing of CCHD detection exist by defect characteristics and insurance. Implementation of improved prenatal detection methods to detect more defect types and interventions to increase access to prenatal care may further improve earlier CCHD detection.

Indexed as

Delayed DiagnosisHeart Defects, CongenitalPrenatal DiagnosisAdultCase-Control StudiesEchocardiographyFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePregnancyPrevalenceTime FactorsUltrasonography, PrenatalUnited Statesbirth defectscongenital heart defectcritical congenital heart defectprenatal screening

Identifiers

PMID40972708
PMCPMC12892261

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.