Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40972637›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026

In the Mismatch: Viral Suppression Despite Low Tenofovir-Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort.

Sarah C Mann, David Lykins, Ryan P Coyle, Mallory D Witt, Eun-Young Kim, Bernard Macatangay, Todd T Brown, Jodie A Dionne, Maria Alcaide, Cecile Delille Lahiri and 13 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Sarah C MannDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
David LykinsDepartment of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Ryan P CoyleDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6472-7020
Mallory D WittLundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6366-4029
Eun-Young KimNorthwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7436-7396
Bernard MacatangayUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Todd T BrownJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8599-278X
Jodie A DionneUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3625-5174
Maria AlcaideUniversity of Miami Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4648-0145
Cecile Delille LahiriEmory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5605-8266
Catalina RamirezUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0872-0307
Julie B DumondUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3500-5819
Gypsyamber D'SouzaJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Mardge H CohenStroger Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1351-9624
Tracey E WilsonSUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2087-8545
Seble KassayeGeorgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7527-7384
Phyllis C TienUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Adebola A AdedimejiAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Lucas EllisonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Kristina M BrooksDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3832-8699
Lane R BushmanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Peter L AndersonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1200-8494
Samantha MaWhinneyDepartment of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9818-0059

Funding

UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1M
Virology CoreP30AI027767 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Paul A. Goepfert · 1988 to 2026
$84.1M
Engaging University of California Stakeholders for Biorespository ResearchUL1TR000004 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GRANDIS, JENNIFER RUBIN · 2012 to 2015
$78.0M
Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology CoreP30AI050410 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVID M. MARGOLIS · 2001 to 2026
$76.9M
Virology and Molecular Biomarkers CoreP30AI050409 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Ann M Chahroudi, Colleen F Kelley · 2002 to 2026
$74.0M
QAQC Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR003098 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2019 to 2023
$57.7M
Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Risk Factors, Early Detection and Personalized InterventionUL1TR001409 · NCATS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI GONDRE-LEWIS, MARJORIE C, MELLMAN, THOMAS A · 2015 to 2024
$37.8M
SF Bay Area MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort StudyU01HL146242 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Bradley E Aouizerat, Jennifer Cohen Price · 2019 to 2026
$36.3M
Sex differences in the role of multi-omicsin HIV-associated carotid artery atherosclerosisU01HL146193 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Stephen J Gange, Elizabeth Topper · 2019 to 2026
$35.8M
University of Miami Developmental Center for AIDS Research (D-CFAR)P30AI073961 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Savita Pahwa · 2007 to 2026
$33.8M
Clinical Research Sites for the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MACS/WIHS-CCS) - Baltimore/Wash DC Center - Admin Supplement: Vision and dual sensory loss in HIV-infected older adultsU01HL146201 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TODD T BROWN, Joseph B. Margolick · 2019 to 2026
$33.7M
Sex differences in the role of multi-omics in HIV-associated carotid artery atherosclerosisU01HL146204 · NHLBI · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI David B. Hanna, Anjali Sharma · 2019 to 2026
$33.2M
Gilead SciencesNCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001432NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR001431NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000004NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000451NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001409NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003098NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146192NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146193NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146194NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146201NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146202NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146203NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146204NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146205NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146208NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146240NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146241NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146242NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146245NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146333NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027767NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050409NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050410NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI073961NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI124414NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH116867
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is an objective drug concentration measure predictive of future viremia in virally suppressed persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) on TFV-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Viral load (VL):TFV-DP mismatch (suppressed VL despite low TFV-DP concentrations) may increase future viremia risk. Previously, Black race, male sex, and higher body mass index were associated with lower TFV-DP concentrations among PWH receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. This study assessed mismatch rates in PWH on tenofovir alafenamide (TAF).

methodsDBS samples were obtained from Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort participants receiving TAF-based ART for ≥3 months. Associations between prespecified covariates and pharmacologic virologic mismatch (plasma VL <200 copies/mL and intracellular TFV-DP concentrations <1800 fmol/punches) were evaluated using logistic regression.

resultsDBS were measured in 627 PWH (63% female) with a median (IQR) age of 55 (47-61) years. TFV-DP for VLs <200 copies/mL and ≥200 copies/mL was 2375 (1493-3340) and 264 (13-949) fmol/punches, respectively. Females experienced 39% mismatch. Higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; +15 mL/min/1.73 m2), weight (+15 kg), and lower self-reported adherence (<95%) were associated with higher mismatch odds: 1.77 (1.40-2.28), 1.32 (1.11-1.57), and 5.12 (2.16-12.90), respectively. Males experienced 27% mismatch. Higher eGFR, weight, Black race, and lower adherence were associated with higher mismatch odds: 1.75 (1.22-2.62), 1.66 (1.19-2.39), 7.53 (2.87-22.28), and 9.61 (2.17-51.95), respectively.

conclusionsWeight, eGFR, self-reported adherence, and Black race in males were associated with mismatch. These characteristics should be considered when designing adherence interventions.

Indexed as

AdenineAnti-HIV AgentsDried Blood Spot TestingHIV InfectionsTenofovirAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOrganophosphatesViral LoadViremiaAdenineAnti-HIV AgentsOrganophosphatesTenofovirtenofovir diphosphatedried blood spotsHIV/AIDSMACS WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS)tenofovir alafenamide/tenofovir diphosphatetreatment adherence

Identifiers

PMID40972637
PMCPMC13012699

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.