ArticleCell reports. Medicine2025
Therapeutic T cells with 3-in-1 strategy for the treatment of biliary tract cancer.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cholangiocarcinoma:Unveiling the cold tumor microenvironment and strategies for immune rejuvenation.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Rapidly evolved PD-1 for enhance receptor and checkpoint inhibitor in immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- New progress and clinical research translation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in systemic therapy of gallbladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming heterogeneity and immunosuppression: novel strategies in adoptive therapy for biliary tract cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T cell therapy for tumors faces barriers like heterogeneous antigen expression, an unfriendly tumor microenvironment, and limited T cell expansion. We adopt a 3-in-1 strategy to produce super circulating TIL-like (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte-like) cells (ScTILs): modifying PD-1-positive peripheral blood T cells with an enhance receptor (ER), a PD-1 and CD28 fusion protein to reverse inhibitory signal, and an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for expansion (CFE). ScTILs kill tumor cells effectively in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, ten advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients receive ScTILs treatment; post hoc analysis shows that ScTILs monotherapy yields a median overall survival (OS) of 18.3 months in appropriate dose or normal B cell groups (5/10), outperforming first-line BTC treatment (OS ∼12 months). It skips chemo-pre-treatment and interleukin-2 (IL-2), with better safety, no reliance on surgical materials, and a shorter production cycle. Overall, ScTILs are a promising therapy for future BTC treatment. This study is registered with ChiCTR (ChiCTR2000029738).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.