ArticlePloS one2025
Hand hygiene after the COVID-19 pandemic: Is it still at a high level?
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- When Risk Persists: Two-Time Longitudinal Assessment of Healthcare Workers' Exposure Risk in the Context of COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHand hygiene (HH) is crucial for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), with compliance notably increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether this adherence can be sustained remains uncertain. We sought to assess changes in HH compliance following the pandemic and explore its correlation with HAIs.
methodsA longitudinal study was launched to assess HH compliance and HAIs across two phases. Phase 1 spanned from October 2021 to January 2023, a period of normalized prevention and control of COVID-19, while phase 2 extended from February 2023 to July 2024, following the downgrade in the management of COVID-19. Observers recorded HH practices. HAIs were identified through using semi-automated, continuous surveillance software. Pearson correlation coefficient (rs) was used to evaluate the relationship between HAIs and HH.
resultsA total of 2,233 HH opportunities were observed with 966 during Phase 1 and 1,267 in Phase 2. Compliance with HH significantly declined from 90.27% (95% CI: 85.34% to 95.4%) in Phase 1 to 82.56% (95% CI: 80.35% to 84.61%) in Phase 2 (P < 0.001). Concurrently, the incidence of HAI rose notably from 16.79‰ (95% CI: 16.20‰ to 17.39‰) to 18.71‰ (95% CI: 18.20‰ to 19.24‰) (P < 0.001). However, despite these concurrent trends, monthly analysis found no statistically significant correlation between HH compliance and HAI incidence (rs = -0.296; P = 0.0897).
conclusionsAs the pandemic threat waned, maintaining high HH compliance became challenging, indicating it's time to implement additional strategies. Moreover, the correlation between HH and HAI requires further study to uncover.
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