Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40971387›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Active billiards: Engineering boundaries for the spatial control of confined active particles.

Roberto Di Leonardo, András Búzás, Lóránd Kelemen, Dávid Tóth, Szilvia Z Tóth, Pál Ormos, Gaszton Vizsnyiczai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Geometrical preference of anchoring sites in the unicellular organismProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Roberto Di LeonardoDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome I-00185, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5020-0663
András BúzásInstitute of Biophysics, Biophotonics and Biomicrofluidics Research Group, Bionanoscience Research Unit, Hungarian Research Network Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
Lóránd KelemenInstitute of Biophysics, Biophotonics and Biomicrofluidics Research Group, Bionanoscience Research Unit, Hungarian Research Network Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0001-7772-2165
Dávid TóthInstitute of Plant Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Photobioenergetics, Plant Light Perception and Utilization Research Unit, Hungarian Research Network Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
Szilvia Z TóthInstitute of Plant Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Photobioenergetics, Plant Light Perception and Utilization Research Unit, Hungarian Research Network Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-3419-829X
Pál OrmosInstitute of Biophysics, Biophotonics and Biomicrofluidics Research Group, Bionanoscience Research Unit, Hungarian Research Network Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-2541-5686
Gaszton VizsnyiczaiInstitute of Biophysics, Biophotonics and Biomicrofluidics Research Group, Bionanoscience Research Unit, Hungarian Research Network Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-3245-3736

Funding

EC | European Research Council (ERC) 834615Hungarian Research Network (ELKH) SA-75/2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unlike gas molecules at equilibrium, the spatial organization of self-propelled particles can be very sensitive to what happens at the boundaries of their container. Understanding the link between boundary phenomena and bulk stationary distributions could enable the design of optimized container shapes for the geometric control of confined active particles. Here, we propose a boundary method based on the flux transfer formalism typical of radiometry problems, where surface elements transmit and receive "rays" of active particles with infinite persistence length. We demonstrate the power of this boundary method in the case of the swimming microalgae

Indexed as

active matterdynamical billiardsmicroswimmers

Identifiers

PMID40971387
PMCPMC12478192

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.