ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2025
Analysis of a Novel Human Protein, ORF3, Encoded by Spacer rDNA.
Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An open reading frame in the intergenic spacer of human ribosomal (r)DNA codes for a 190 amino acid, 22 kDa protein that we have named ORF3. It comprises a 5'AluSx repeat sequence encoding 96 amino acids followed by a stretch of 94 amino acids containing a unique repeated stretch of 5 hydrophobic residues. Full copies of ORF3 have been isolated as transformation-associated recombination clones from mouse:human hybrid cell lines containing human chromosomes 21 or 22. In initial instances where the chromosome complement of rDNA repeats is fully resolved in whole genomes, in CHM13 cells, complete copies of ORF3 are mainly concentrated in a tandem cluster on chromosome 21, while other chromosomes contain 1 or 2 full copies, with the sequence in other rDNA repeats interrupted by a frameshift mutation. A diploid cell complement (HG002) again has both complete open reading frames (ORFs) and other copies with the frameshift or deletions. In searches among non-human primate sequences to assess the evolutionary history of ORF3, a > 93% conserved copy of the full sequence of the ORF, as well as copies with in-frame deletions, was found in bonobo, but only fragments homologous to the ORF were seen in chimpanzee, orangutan, and gorilla rDNA examined thus far. ORF3 was expressed as a V5-tagged chimeric protein in human kidney epithelial HEK293 cells, and both ORF3-V5 and endogenous ORF3 were detected with a newly generated antibody. The protein is found in both cytoplasm and nucleus. However, upon treatment of cells with RNase A, the protein is excluded from the nucleus, suggesting that it is in complexes with RNA. Although any function is currently unknown, the ORF3 protein is upregulated, speculatively associated with changes in chromatin, in viral-transformed HEK293 cells and in human diploid fibroblast cells rendered senescent by treatment with etoposide, ionizing radiation, or an oxidant (H
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.