ArticleFood science & nutrition2025
The Causal Relationship Between Multiple Modifiable Risk Factors and Hallux Valgus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Food science & nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors Related to the Etiology of Hallux Abducto Valgus: A Systematic Review.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- The Causal Relationship Between Multiple Modifiable Risk Factors and Hallux Valgus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate the potential causal associations between modifiable lifestyle/metabolic factors and the risk of hallux valgus (HV), a common foot deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe. We selected independent genetic variants strongly associated with five lifestyle factors (lifetime smoking index, smoking initiation, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, and vigorous physical activity) and ten metabolic traits (body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, type 2 diabetes, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, high/low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-1/B, and triglycerides) as instrumental variables through rigorous quality control (
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