ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
The impact of mycobacteria-induced trained immunity on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Evaluation of trained immunity as a potential strategy for a universal Streptococcus suis vaccine using immunogenic proteins in a murine model.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Combination of trained immunity and specific inactivated vaccine againstFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Beyond the role of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for tuberculosis prevention, BCG has demonstrated heterologous protective effects. The global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to research on whether BCG-induced trained immunity could strengthen antiviral defenses. However, studies reported quite different results on its effect against COVID-19. Methods and results: In this study, we evaluated the impact of pre-existing trained immunity induced by a BCG-derived Conclusions: These immunological findings highlight the potential benefits of integrating trained immunity inducers with pathogen-specific vaccines to enhance immune responses and protection. Further research is needed to optimize immunomodulation strategies, dosing regimens and administration routes to maximize these synergistic effects and prevent potential negative effects.
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