Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40969610›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025

Associations between daily dietary carbohydrate intake and TIR in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Yunying Cai, Xi Li, Xin Xiong, Lun Zhang, Jianfeng He, Heng Su

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Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yunying Cai *The Endocrinology Department, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Type 1 Diabetes Alliance of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
Xi LiMedical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Xin Xiong *Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Lun ZhangThe Clinical Nutrition Department, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Jianfeng HeFaculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Heng SuThe Endocrinology Department, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Type 1 Diabetes Alliance of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To assess the association between daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake and glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Patients with T1D who received continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to manage their blood glucose levels were enrolled in the study. A dietitian analyzed dietary components, including carbohydrate, protein, and fat percentages in the total dietary intake. Mean individual daily CHO intake (MIDC) and relative deviation from MIDC (< 80% low; 81%-120% medium, >120% high CHO consumption) were compared with parameters of glycemic control assessed by CGM. Results: Records from 36 patients [11 male, 25 female; age 39.5 ± 13.9 years; HbA1c 9.0 ± 2.8% (75 ±31 mmol/mol)]. Provided 356 days of data for a total of 1,068 meals. Time in range (3.9-10 mmol/l) for low, medium, and high CHO consumption was 81.6 (70.96, 90.28)%, 74.65 (59.55, 84.9)%, and 64.58 (51.04, 77.78)%, respectively ( Conclusions: Daily CHO intake was inversely associated with glycemic control in adults with T1D. A carbohydrate energy percentage between 40% and 50% and a relatively low daily carbohydrate intake may be a strategy to optimize glucose control in suboptimal-controlled T1D in real-world settings.

Indexed as

carbohydratecontinuous glucose monitoringdiet effecthypoglycemiatype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40969610
PMCPMC12440888

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