Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40969393›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

Water-triggered self-wrapping and immobilization of an all-organic hydrogel-based cuff electrode.

Shin-Ichiro Osawa, Fumiya Imamura, Natsuki Nozaki, Tenyo Ko, Shuto Osaki, Soichiro Tottori, Atsuhiro Nakagawa, Matsuhiko Nishizawa

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Shin-Ichiro OsawaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
Fumiya ImamuraDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-4 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
Natsuki NozakiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-4 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
Tenyo KoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-4 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
Shuto OsakiDepartment of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-1 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan.
Soichiro TottoriDepartment of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-1 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan.
Atsuhiro NakagawaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
Matsuhiko NishizawaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-4 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A cuff-type electrode that curls and self-immobilizes upon exposure to moisture was developed entirely from organic materials. The device consists of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel sheets and a sandwiched carbonized knit electrode, with one hydrogel layer pre-stretched. In its dry, flat state, the electrode allows easy insertion beneath tissue structures and curls within 30 s upon application of saline, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of electrode placement during surgery. By tuning the osmotic pressure, thickness, and pre-strain of the hydrogel layer, the curled inner diameter was reduced to as small as 0.4 mm. The swelling-induced folding force ensured secure fixation while accommodating dynamic changes in tissue size. In vivo experiments in porcine and mouse models demonstrated successful vagus nerve and muscle stimulation, confirming the viability and functional performance of the proposed electrode design.

Indexed as

Carbon fabricCuff electrodeHydrogelNerve stimulationWater-triggered folding

Identifiers

PMID40969393
PMCPMC12441680

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.