ArticleFrontiers in genetics2025
Multi-omics integration uncovers key transcriptional regulators in triple-negative breast cancer spatial heterogeneity.
Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by a lack of hormone receptors, making it challenging to treat. Methods: We generated a comprehensive spatial cell atlas of TNBC using a multi-omics integration approach that combined single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with spatial transcriptomics. This integration allowed us to characterize the spatial microenvironment and map the cell-type-specific distributions in TNBC tissues. Results: Our analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in cell types and spatial distribution, with normal regions enriched in insulin resistance functions, whereas cancerous regions displayed diverse cell populations, including immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and mesenchymal cells. By constructing transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks, we identified TFF3, RARG, GRHL1, RORC, and KLF5 as critical regulators of epithelial cells, whereas EMX2, TWIST1, TWIST2, NFATC4, and HOXC6 were found to play essential roles in mesenchymal cells. Immunohistochemical validation supported the involvement of these TFs in TNBC. Further analysis of receptor-ligand interactions highlighted the roles of KNG1_BDKRB2 and NRG1_ERBB4 signaling in promoting tumor aggression, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. GO enrichment analysis revealed overlapping pathways between epithelial and mesenchymal cells, focusing on migration, signaling, and development, indicating that the shared regulatory mechanisms contribute to cancer progression. Conclusion: Our findings provide new insights into the TNBC microenvironment, emphasizing the complex spatial interactions between different cell types and highlighting key regulatory pathways that could be targeted for future therapeutic interventions. This spatial cell atlas lays the foundation for further exploration of tumor microenvironment dynamics and precision oncology approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.