ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Optimization of Dye and Plasticizer Concentrations in Halochromic Sensor Films for Rapid pH Response Using Bird-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart Polymeric Wound Dressings for Wound Treatment: Contributions and Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Biocompatible and Flexible Cellulose Film for the Reversible Colourimetric Monitoring of pH and Mg (II).Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The pH level of a wound environment is a crucial biomarker for monitoring wound healing, particularly in chronic wounds, where alkalinity (pH > 7) is linked to bacterial colonization and infection. This study developed and optimized a halochromic sensor film composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and bromothymol blue (BTB) to enable rapid and reliable pH-responsive color transitions. Feature selection using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the ReliefF algorithm identified Hue, Saturation, and a as key features influencing pH responsivity. Optimization of BTB (0.01-0.05%) and PEG (6-10%) concentrations was conducted using bird-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, including the Parrot Optimizer (PO), Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA), and Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA). While final fitness values showed negligible variation (188.595647 for GP-PO, 188.595634 for GP-POA, and 188.595634 for GP-SBOA), GP-PO demonstrated superior convergence and stability, efficiently identifying the optimal formulation (0.02% BTB, 6% PEG). The optimized film achieved a complete color transition within 3-5 min, a 23.15% reduction compared to the non-optimized formulation. Statistical analysis revealed that BTB concentration significantly affected response time (
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Registered trials
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