ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Experimental Study on Interface Debonding Defect Detection and Localization in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with Surface Wave Measurements.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Interface debonding between high-strength grouting materials and the inner surfaces of steel tubes in grouting jacket connections (GJCs), which have been widely employed in offshore wind turbine support structures, negatively affects their mechanical behavior. In this study, an interface debonding defect detection and localization approach for scaled underwater GJC specimens using surface wave measurements with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuation and sensing technology was validated experimentally. Firstly, GJC specimens with artificially mimicked interface debonding defects of varying dimensions were designed and fabricated in the lab, and the specimens were immersed in water to replicate the actual underwater working environment of GJCs in offshore wind turbine structures. Secondly, to verify the feasibility of the proposed interface debonding detection approach using surface wave measurements, the influence of the height and circumferential dimension of the debonding defects on the output voltage signal of PZT sensors was systematically studied experimentally using a one pitch and one catch (OPOC) configuration. Thirdly, a one pitch and multiple catch (OPMC) configuration was further employed to localize and visualize the debonding defect regions. An abnormal value analysis was carried out on the amplitude of the output voltage signals from PZT sensors with identical wave traveling paths, and the corresponding abnormal surface wave propagation paths were identified. Finally, based on the influence of interface debonding on the surface wave measurements mentioned above, the mimicked interface debonding defect was detected successfully and the region of debonding was determined with the intersection of the identified abnormal wave travelling paths. The results showed that the mimicked debonding defect can be visualized. The feasibility of this method for interface debonding defect detection in underwater GJCs was confirmed experimentally. The proposed approach provides a novel non-destructive debonding defect detection approach for the GJCs in offshore wind turbine structures.
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