ArticlePharmaceutical research2025
Formulation, Characterization, and In Vivo Immunogenicity of Heat-Stabilized Dissolvable Microneedles Containing a Novel VLP Vaccine.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fabrication and characterization evaluation of sustained-release dissolving microneedles with skin soothing function.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Immunization with VLP-based vaccines induces high IgG antibody titers in dermal interstitial fluid.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy Platform That Conjugates Antigen to Complement C3-Targeted Liposomes Induces a Robust Adaptive Immune Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveVaccination has significantly improved health outcomes, but implementing vaccination efforts in low and middle-income countries, particularly in warmer climates, presents challenges. Microneedle technology has been developed for its simple and relatively painless applications of vaccines. However, a few hurdles must be overcome before widespread acceptance, including evaluating the safety and biocompatibility of the polymer used to fabricate these microneedles. Additionally, it is important to demonstrate reliable immune responses comparable to or better than those achieved through traditional administration routes. This study aimed to develop and evaluate dissolvable microneedles loaded with a novel virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, focusing on their fabrication, characterization, thermostability, and preclinical immunogenicity.
methodsMicroneedles were fabricated using the micro-molding technique with polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymer, incorporating a novel VLP vaccine targeting arbovirus. Characterization studies assessed microneedle sharpness, skin insertion force, and VLP integrity. We also investigated the thermostability of the vaccine after storing the microneedles at elevated temperatures for approximately 140 days. Vaccine immunogenicity was assessed in mice, and transdermal (microneedle) delivery was compared with intramuscular (hypodermic needle) delivery.
resultsThe study successfully fabricated and characterized VLP-loaded microneedles capable of skin insertion while maintaining vaccine integrity after exposure to extreme storage conditions. These microneedles elicited robust and long-lasting antibody responses comparable to those achieved through intramuscular administration.
conclusionsThis study combines a novel VLP-based vaccine with dissolvable MNs fabricated under pH-neutral conditions, preserving antigen integrity and immunogenicity after high-temperature storage. This vaccine delivery platform addresses critical gaps in thermostability and needle-free vaccine delivery for resource-limited settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.