Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40968223›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2026

Behavioral and dietary factors in U.S. early childhood type II diabetes.

Ayden Dunn, Paige Brinzo, Sahar Kaleem, Austin Lent, Madison Etzel, Jennifer Mendonca, Vama Jhumkhawala, Milad Khoury, Lea Sacca

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ayden DunnCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Paige BrinzoCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Sahar KaleemCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Austin LentCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Madison EtzelCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Jennifer MendoncaCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Vama JhumkhawalaCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Milad KhouryCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Lea SaccaCharles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA. lsacca@health.fau.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-2863

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOur study examines changes in the nationwide prevalence of US childhood T2D in the 0-5 age group category between 2016 and 2020.

methodsWe used five years of NSCH data on children aged 0-17 years and isolated data from the subgroup of children aged 0-5 years for a focused analysis on early childhood T2D. Survey questions were selected for two independent variables, dietary factors and physical activity factors. The dependent variable, T2D severity, was based on parental reporting of whether the child was diagnosed with T2D by their healthcare provider, status of disease, and the severity of the condition. Means, proportions, and chi-square tests were used to compare the frequency of dietary and physical activity factors by T2D severity classification.

resultsIn 2016 and 2020, childhood T2D was significantly associated with the presence of a library in the child's neighborhood. In 2017, it was also associated with access to free or reduced cost meals. For the early childhood subgroup, significant associations occurred in 2016 for receiving neighbor help and in 2019 regarding walkability levels in the child's neighborhood.

conclusionsPrograms designed to prevent diabetes in children should address broader issues of food access and food quality. IMPACT: Childhood diabetes prevention programs should address broader issues of food access and quality. Research is needed on early childhood Type II diabetes behavioral and environmental risk factors. Our study provides exploratory estimates of change in the nationwide prevalence of US childhood T2D.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolExerciseFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40968223

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.