ArticleJournal of clinical lipidology
Greater alterations in atherogenic lipids and inflammatory markers in women during type 2 diabetes development and risk of coronary heart disease-Findings from two population-based studies.
Article in Journal of clinical lipidology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cardiac Metabolomic Alterations in Diabetes: Interplay with Lipoprotein Lipase-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications in Women and Young Adults.Current epidemiology reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetes confers a greater risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women than in men, potentially due to women's antecedent of metabolic risk factors. We examined circulating metabolites and their associations with CHD risk in men and women across glycemic statuses.
methodsWe analyzed data from 97,271 CHD-free UK Biobank participants. Metabolomic profiling was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of baseline plasma samples. We used linear regression models to examine the association between sex and log-transformed metabolites in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, and euglycemia, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and medication use (for diabetes, lipid-lowering, and hypertension). Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations between metabolites and CHD risk (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction) stratified by sex and adjusted for the same covariates. We further considered menopausal status, and all analyses were adjusted for false discovery rate. The analyses were replicated in 6199 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with NMR data.
resultsWith worsening glycemic status, women exhibited significantly higher atherogenic lipid/lipoprotein markers, fatty acids, and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) than men, as well as lower albumin and lactate (all P-values <.0001). Sex differences persisted regardless of menopausal status. In adjusted Cox regressions, 1 SD increase in triglyceride (TG), saturated fatty acids (SFA), and GlycA was associated with a greater risk of CHD in women with T2D than men over a 10-year follow-up (hazard ratios 1.2-1.5 in women and 0.9-1.04 in men, P-interaction <.05).
conclusionsWith worsening glycemic status, women exhibit higher levels of atherogenic lipid and inflammatory markers. TG, GlycA, and SFA are more strongly associated with CHD risk in women with T2D than in men.
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