ReviewEBioMedicine2025
Positive cerebrospinal fluid in the 2024 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis.
Review in EBioMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Application of the 2024 McDonald Criteria: Earlier Diagnosis and Avoiding Misdiagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis in a Global Setting.Neurology · 2026Review
- Intrathecal Plasma Cell Activity as Measured by the Kappa Free Light Chain Index Is Associated With Retinal Layer Atrophy in Early Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Applying the 2024-revised McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis using conventional diagnostic tools: a single-centre prospective cohort study in Germany.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- External validation of KFLC index threshold for multiple sclerosis diagnosis in a French cohort.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Real-World Performance of CSF Kappa Free Light Chains in the 2024 McDonald Criteria.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- B Cells and B Cell Depletion in Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Kappa Index predicts disease activity and transition to high-efficacy therapies in multiple sclerosis.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- When is the Radiologically Isolated Syndrome already Multiple Sclerosis According to the 2024 McDonald Criteria?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Genetic Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis: Key Discoveries and Unmet Needs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index in Multiple Sclerosis: From Emerging Evidence to Clinical Application.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Performance of the 2024 McDonald Criteria in Patients Under Evaluation for Suspected Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2026Article
- Implementing the 2024 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis in Germany: Practical considerations and consensus recommendations.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Review
- Diagnostic value of the kappa free light chain index in multiple sclerosis under the 2024 CSF positivity criterion: a multicentre study in oligoclonal band-negative patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Kappa index: real-world study for assessing cut-off values that provide the best accuracy for multiple sclerosis diagnosis in patients with CIS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Kappa free light chain index in CSF diagnostics: the impact of different immunoglobulin isotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Challenges in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.Acta medica Lituanica · 2026Article
- Kappa free light chains in cerebrospinal fluid to detect inflammation - results from a multicentric prospective real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Agreement Analysis of Colorimetric and Turbidimetric Total Protein Assays in Cerebrospinal Fluid.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Diagnosis and Its Differentiation from Neurological Mimics, MS and ALS: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) introduce kappa free light chains (κ-FLC) detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which can be used interchangeably with oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) to demonstrate intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of κ-FLC is equal to OCB on a 95% confidence level. In rare cases determination of both, κ-FLC and OCB should be considered as the concordance rate is around 90%. We recommend calculating the κ-FLC index with values of ≥6.1 performing best for diagnosing MS. Validated turbidimetric or nephelometric assays should be applied for which proficiency testing programs are available. There is some prognostic use of the κ-FLC index with higher values predicting higher disease activity. Neurofilament light (NfL) should not be used for diagnostic purposes although it might be useful for prognosis and disease monitoring. All recommendations apply to paediatric and adult relapsing as well as progressive onset MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.