ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025
Digital Stress Induction in Daily Life Using the Salzburg Mobile Stress Induction (SMSI): Development and Ambulatory Evaluation Study.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Stressors, Emotions and Eating: Evidence for Time-Pressure-Driven Snacking Rather Than Emotional Eating.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Neural and autonomic regulation during brief mindfulness and relaxation interventions in clinical populations: a multimodal MEG study protocol.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe use of digital technology enabled examining stress in everyday life. However, ambulatory research depends on the natural occurrence of stressful situations while most standardized stress inductions rely on cost- and labor-expensive laboratory experiments, which are limited in their infrequent applicability.
objectiveWe developed the Salzburg Mobile Stress Induction (SMSI), a newly conceptualized toolbox including 6 different stress-inducing paradigms (Matrices test, Cube Net test, Arithmetic test, Number Series test, Word Scramble test, and Word Pair test) and 1 control paradigm (Caesar Cipher test), which are based on cognitive performance tests. These 7 tests aim to provide researchers with an open-access, standardized method to repeatedly induce stress in an ambulatory setting.
methodsWe recruited university students from a local university and through a crowdsourcing platform for a preregistered ambulatory study. After completing a web-based survey, participants used the m-path app on their smartphones to conduct the 7 SMSI tests in a randomized order over 4 days. By comparing the stress-inducing tests with the control test, we investigated changes in momentary negative and positive affect from baseline (t0) to between (t1) and after (t2) each test using the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form.
resultsA total of 100 participants (60/100 women; mean age 24.43, SD 6.21 years; 69/100 local sample; 31/100 crowdsourcing sample) completed all 7 SMSI tests. Participants' negative affect significantly increased during all 6 stress-inducing tests compared to the control test from t0 to t1 (Ps<.001) and from t0 to t2 (Ps<.001) with medium to large effect sizes (η
conclusionsThe SMSI presents novel and easy-to-implement standardized stress induction procedures to repeatedly induce stress in ambulatory research. We discussed new opportunities for positive eustress inductions and outlined subsequent validation studies combining physiological stress assessment and ambulatory methods. The development of additional language versions of the SMSI is illustrated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.