Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40967391›Full record

ArticleExperimental eye research2025

SPG302 protects retinal ganglion cells and preserves visual function by preserving synaptic activity in a mouse model of glaucoma.

Tonking Bastola, Seunghwan Choi, Ziyao Shen, Keun-Young Kim, Peter W Vanderklish, Stella T Sarraf, Jiun L Do, Alex S Huang, Robert N Weinreb, Won-Kyu Ju

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental eye research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Tonking BastolaHamilton Glaucoma Center, and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
Seunghwan ChoiHamilton Glaucoma Center, and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
Ziyao ShenHamilton Glaucoma Center, and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
Keun-Young KimNational Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
Peter W VanderklishSpinogenix Inc., 1801 Century Park East, Suite 2400, Los Angeles, CA, 90067, USA.
Stella T SarrafSpinogenix Inc., 1801 Century Park East, Suite 2400, Los Angeles, CA, 90067, USA.
Jiun L DoHamilton Glaucoma Center, and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
Alex S HuangHamilton Glaucoma Center, and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
Robert N WeinrebHamilton Glaucoma Center, and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
Won-Kyu JuHamilton Glaucoma Center, and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA. Electronic address: wju@health.ucsd.edu.

Funding

Vision BiostatisticsP30EY022589 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Radha Ayyagari · 2012 to 2026
$10.3M
Mitochondrial Protection in Glaucomatous Optic NeuropathyR01EY031697 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI JU, WONKYU, PERKINS, GUY A · 2020 to 2023
$2.7M
Optic Nerve Relays for Vision Restoration and Advancement Optic Nerve Regeneration ResearchR01EY036155 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Jiun Lap Do, Derek Stuart Welsbie · 2024 to 2026
$1.5M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY022589NEI NIH HHS R01 EY031697NEI NIH HHS R01 EY036155
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide, is an optic neuropathy characterized by optic nerve degeneration and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Early glaucomatous damage is often associated with dendritic and synaptic abnormalities in RGCs, yet the mechanisms linking these synaptic alterations to RGC death remain unclear. In a mouse model of glaucoma, treatment with the clinical-stage, synaptogenic small molecule SPG302, a pegylated benzothiazole derivative, demonstrated neuroprotective effects, protecting RGCs and their axons in the glaucomatous retina and also improving retinal function as assessed by pattern electroretinogram testing. Elevated intraocular pressure disrupted synapses, as evidenced by reduced synaptophysin expression and homeostatic increases in Bassoon and PSD95 levels in the inner plexiform layer. SPG302 treatment effectively preserved synaptic integrity by reversing these changes. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of SPG302 for protecting RGCs and preserving vision by modulating synaptic activity in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

Indexed as

GlaucomaNeuroprotective AgentsRetinal Ganglion CellsSynapsesAnimalsAxonsDisease Models, AnimalElectroretinographyIntraocular PressureMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeuroprotective AgentsGlaucomaRetinal ganglion cellSPG302SynapseVisual function

Identifiers

PMID40967391
PMCPMC13290018

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.