ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2025
Edentulism, social mobility, and cognitive aging: a life course perspective.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oral Health Status, Knowledge, Hygiene Behavior and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in Shanghai, China.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Edentulism, blood-based neurodegenerative biomarkers, and 10-year dementia risk: A mediation analysis in a nationally representative United States cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Oral health conditions and domain-specific cognitive decline in older adults: evidence from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging 2005-2024.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Impact of removable complete dentures on quality of life and social dimension: a cross-sectional patient-reported study.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Article
- Divergent effects of oral health and genetic risk: competing risks of dementia and mortality.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAlthough edentulism and social mobility have each been linked to cognitive decline, few studies have examined their joint effects or how these relationships vary across age groups. This study investigated the independent and joint effects of edentulism and intergenerational social mobility on cognitive function, with a focus on age-specific patterns.
methodsWe analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2020), including 23,158 adults aged 51+. Cognitive function was assessed using a 27-point modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Social mobility was measured using intergenerational education mobility, and edentulism was determined through self-reporting. Linear mixed-effects models with lagged time-varying covariates were used to assess longitudinal cognitive trajectories.
resultsAt baseline, 13.2% of participants were edentulous. Social mobility categories included stable low socioeconomic position (SEP) (29.6%), stable medium/high SEP (34.3%), upward mobility (17.1%), and downward mobility (19.1%). Edentulism was associated with lower baseline cognitive function and faster decline. All non-low-SEP groups had significantly higher baseline cognition, with the stable medium/high SEP group also showing slower cognitive decline and greater resilience against the negative effects of edentulism over time. Interactive effects between edentulism and social mobility were most pronounced among adults aged 65-74. Among those aged 75+, neither edentulism nor social mobility significantly affected cognitive outcomes. DISCUSSION: Edentulism and social mobility independently and interactively influence cognitive aging, particularly in adults aged 51-74. Findings highlight the importance of addressing oral health disparities and social determinants of health at an early age to support cognitive health across diverse SEPs.
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