Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40966280›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Reprogrammable sequencing for physically intelligent underactuated robots.

Leon M Kamp, Mohamed Zanaty, Ahmad Zareei, Benjamin Gorissen, Robert J Wood, Katia Bertoldi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. A hitchhiker's guide to active motion.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Leon M KampJ. A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0009-0004-6706-7856
Mohamed ZanatyJ. A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Ahmad ZareeiJ. A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Benjamin GorissenJ. A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0001-8275-7610
Robert J WoodJ. A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0001-7969-038X
Katia BertoldiJ. A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-5787-4863

Funding

Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility (AIRF) W911NF-22-1-0219NSF | Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) DMR- 2011754
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Programming physical intelligence into mechanisms holds great promise for machines that can accomplish tasks such as navigation of unstructured environments while utilizing a minimal amount of computational resources and electronic components. In this study, we introduce a design approach for physically intelligent underactuated mechanisms capable of autonomously adjusting their motion in response to environmental interactions. Specifically, multistability is harnessed to sequence the motion of different degrees of freedom in a programmed order. A key aspect of this approach is that this order can be passively reprogrammed through mechanical stimuli arising from interactions with the environment. To showcase our approach, we construct a mechanism that passively sorts objects based on their mass and a four-degree-of-freedom robot capable of autonomously moving away from obstacles. Remarkably, these devices operate without relying on traditional computational architectures and utilize only a single linear actuator.

Indexed as

autonomous interactionsmechanical sensingmultistabilityphysical intelligence

Identifiers

PMID40966280
PMCPMC12478184

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.