Trial reportExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2025
Effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes and concurrent provision of e-cigarettes on symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Trial report in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of nicotine exposure on depression: An integrative analysis combining network toxicology, molecular docking, and Mendelian randomization.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A national nicotine-reduction policy could reduce cigarette smoking in the United States. The present study evaluated effects of cigarettes varying in nicotine content and provision of e-cigarettes on affective symptoms in populations with vulnerabilities to smoking. The overarching aim was to examine whether a nicotine-reduction policy could have unintended negative consequences, including exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms. This is a secondary analysis of three parallel 16-week randomized clinical trials examining four experimental conditions: normal nicotine content cigarettes, very-low-nicotine-content (VLNC) cigarettes, VLNC cigarettes plus e-cigarettes restricted to tobacco flavor (VLNC + TF), or VLNC cigarettes plus e-cigarettes in preferred flavors (VLNC + PF). Participants were adults who smoked daily from three vulnerable populations: socioeconomically disadvantaged reproductive-aged women (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.