ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2025
Epidemiological Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Northern China.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Co-Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Bovine Enterovirus, and Caprine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in a Calf from a Cattle Herd in Xizang, China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Subgroup III Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus from a Dairy Outbreak in Thailand.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Isolation and Characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 genotype C from brown cattle with respiratory disease in Yili, Xinjiang, China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the nucleocapsid protein of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Northern China.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), a multifactorial syndrome driven by viral and bacterial co-infections, poses significant challenges to cattle health in northern China. We performed a large-scale epidemiological and phylogenetic investigation (2022-2024) to identify BRDC pathogens in the region. A total of 5052 samples from symptomatic Holstein calves (nasal swabs, sera, tissues) were analysed using virological, bacteriological and molecular methods. Viral pathogens-bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV-3) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1)-dominated infections, with pronounced seasonal peaks in colder months. The prevalence of non-cytopathic BVDV highlighted clinical difficulties. Bacterial infections involved Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis), Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, with M. bovis prevalent in mixed infections. Phylogenetic analysis revealed biological connections between Chinese isolates and international strains (e.g., BVDV subgenotypes 1a/1d and BPIV-3c), showing global pathogen flow. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of viral popular structure. Meanwhile, seasonality strongly influenced viral dynamics, while bacterial detection remained stable, involving environmental and management factors. Pathogen co-infections demonstrate the complexity of BRDC. This study provides the first comprehensive BRDC pathogen profile for northern China, emphasising the need for region-specific control strategies, including multipathogen vaccines and improved biosecurity.
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