ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2025
Synergistic and additive effects of rifampicin, moxifloxacin, ethambutol, and azithromycin against M. simiae clinical isolates.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium simiae is challenging to treat due to intrinsic resistance and limited guidelines. We assessed synergy among rifampicin, moxifloxacin, ethambutol, and azithromycin using the checkerboard method. Synergy (FICI = 0.5) was found only for the moxifloxacin-ethambutol combination in 63% of 27 clinical isolates, with the remainder showing additive effects. No synergy was observed for rifampicin or azithromycin. These findings suggest potential therapeutic benefit for the moxifloxacin-ethambutol combination, even in non-susceptible isolates, supporting reconsideration of ethambutol in treatment regimens. Clinical studies are needed to validate the observed in vitro synergy.
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