Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40964913›Full record

Trial reportThe British journal of nutrition2025

Caffeine enhances performance regardless of fueling strategy; however, high carbohydrate availability is associated with improved training speeds compared with ketogenic diet.

Louise M Burke, Lucy Merrell, Ida A Heikura, Rita Civil, Avish P Sharma, Jill J Leckey, Alannah K A McKay

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The British journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Does a low-carbohydrate diet impede endurance sports performance? No.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Louise M BurkeMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Lucy MerrellCentre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Ida A HeikuraMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Rita CivilSchool of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Avish P SharmaVictorian Institute of Sport, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Jill J LeckeySouth Australian Sports Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Alannah K A McKayMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-3886

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to confirm reduced training metrics previously associated with a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO) high-fat diet (LCHF) and investigate their attenuation with caffeine supplementation. At baseline,

Indexed as

Athletic PerformanceCaffeineDietary CarbohydratesDiet, KetogenicAdultAthletesCross-Over StudiesDietary SupplementsDiet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedDiet, High-FatFemaleHeart RateHumansMalePerformance-Enhancing SubstancesWalkingCaffeineDietary CarbohydratesPerformance-Enhancing SubstancesAthleteCarbohydrateEnduranceKetogenic

Identifiers

PMID40964913
PMCPMC12676214

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.