ArticleMatter2025
Cell Contractile Forces Drive Spatiotemporal Morphogenesis in 4D Bioprinted Living Constructs.
Article in Matter, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Reprogrammable 4D tissue engineering hydrogel scaffold via reversible ion printing.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Mechanochemical and machine-intelligent design of programmable materials: From molecular interactions to macroscale functionality.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Toward 4D printed functional soft tissues.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
- 4D morphogenetic tissue engineering via gradient-crosslinked microporous hydrogel scaffolds.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- The cutting-edge advancements in biomaterials under the guidance of intelligence and bionics.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Cell Contractile Force-Mediated Morphogenetic Tissue Engineering via 4D Printed Degradable Hydrogel Scaffolds.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Current 4D materials typically rely on external stimuli such as heat or light to accomplish changes in shape, limiting the biocompatibility of these materials. Here, a composite bioink consisting of oxidized and methacrylated alginate (OMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and gelatin microspheres is developed to accomplish free-standing 4D bioprinting of cell-laden structures driven by an internal stimulus: cell-contractile forces (CCFs). 4D changes in shape are directed by forming bilayer constructs consisting of one cell-free and one cell-laden layer. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are encapsulated to demonstrate the ability to simultaneously induce changes in shape and chondrogenic/osteogenic differentiation. Finally, the capability to pattern each layer of the printed constructs is exhibited to obtain complex geometric changes, including bending around two separate, non-parallel axes. Bioprinting of such 4D constructs mediated by CCFs empowers the formation of more complex constructs, contributing to a greater degree of
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.