ArticleJournal of extracellular biology2025
Tumoural Hypoxic Extracellular Vesicles Foster a Protective Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Article in Journal of extracellular biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tumoural Hypoxic Extracellular Vesicles Foster a Protective Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The highly metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) relies on the tumour microenvironment (TME) to maintain phenotypic heterogeneity and progression. Extracellular vesicles from hypoxic TNBC (EVh) have been previously shown to facilitate tumoural invasion; however, their function in the TME remains unclear. We used a novel method to investigate the TME in vitro called multicellular circulating co-culture, to characterise how EVh interferes with tumoural and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes and macrophages. EVh promoted monocyte differentiation to M2-like macrophages and inhibited macrophage-derived phagocytosis in endothelial and tumoural cells. The protection of endothelial, tumoural and stromal cellular integrity by EVh increased pro-tumoural and pro-angiogenic signalling, collagen matrix synthesis and showed a potential differentiation to cancer-associated fibroblasts. Our findings highlight the critical role of EVh in protecting tumour cells, indicating its cooperation towards a protective TME, which was demonstrated by the multicellular circulating co-culture and conventional co-culture protocols. These findings lead to an adequate system with potential for investigating other tumour-related processes, including circulating tumour cells and metastasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.