ArticleWorld development2025
Sanitation marketing in Nigeria.
Article in World development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We evaluate the effectiveness of a sanitation marketing intervention aimed at increasing the supply of improved toilet products by local businesses and the household demand for toilets in rural Nigeria. Results from a randomized controlled trial show that treated businesses were more likely to produce and market the new toilet model and to engage in the sales of sanitation products more generally. However, we find no discernible impact on household toilet ownership rates. Evidence from interviews with sales agents employed by the business and responsible for about half of the sales suggest that inadequate incentives for sales agents and household affordability constraints may explain these results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.