ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and potential immunotherapy strategies in renal cell carcinoma.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses identify LMX1B as a tumor suppressor orchestrating the GDF15-ATP4B axis in renal cell carcinoma.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- The landscape of genitourinary cancer vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Lessons from Lung Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- CT-Based Radiomics for Prediction of Molecular Markers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and Their Association with IFN-γ/STAT1/STAT3 Signaling in Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of metabolic heterogeneity and histone lactylation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy Landscape of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Targeting the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Association between systemic inflammatory response index and the prognosis of patients with localized and advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- A new cuproptosis-associated lncRNA signature predicts the prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Updates on Clinical Trials and Molecular Characteristics of Locally Advanced and Oligometastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Immune Biology of the Adrenal Gland Microenvironment and Its Role in Metastatic Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Adjuvant therapy for renal cell carcinoma: lessons from past failures and new opportunities in the era of immune checkpoint inhibition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Targeting MDSCs in cancer: emerging immunotherapeutic and metabolic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Editorial: Unraveling renal cell carcinoma: pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies, and future perspectives.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized and immunogenic malignancy with a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that shapes disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies, clinical responses remain heterogeneous, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of RCC immunobiology. This review comprehensively examines the immunosuppressive TME of RCC, emphasizing the roles of cytotoxic and immunosuppressive immune cells, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), abnormal vasculature, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in fostering immune evasion. This review summarized emerging biomarkers-including PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), gene mutations, and immune-based subtypes-that may predict ICI response. Furthermore, we evaluate current immunotherapeutic strategies, such as ICIs, combination therapies, and novel approaches targeting immunosuppressive cells and metabolic pathways. While combination therapies have improved outcomes, challenges like toxicity and resistance persist, necessitating biomarker-driven patient stratification and optimized treatment sequencing. Future directions should focus on deciphering TME heterogeneity and developing precision immunotherapy strategies to enhance clinical efficacy in RCC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.